Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. McGregor suggested that organizations would experience greater success if they focused on satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the development of Theory Y. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? A flexible scheduling strategy, A compressed workweek is most likely to: Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Shorten working hours Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. 2. self-actualization needs Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. It has been discovered that the intrinsic feedback given in the classroom setting has the greatest effect on motivation and learning. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. 1. 3. a compressed workweek. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. 2. flextime. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. 1. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. 1. job rotation. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. Theory X McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. 4. job rotation. 2. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions McGregors Theory X and Theory Y explained. Herzberg's hygiene factors. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. Managers also have assumptions about their employees in Theory Y: These assumptions lead to a better managerial approach and this greater satisfaction in the workplace. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. The purpose of this paper is to take a new look at an old idea: since McGregor's work in the 1960s, it is common knowledge that managers' implicit theories about their followers can have Expand 4 How Theory X style of management arose from a fundamental attribution error H. K. Davison, J. Smothers Business 2015 Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. 4. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. this t. Does the team not understand the work? needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. Aliyah is likely to assume that: This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. 1. 5. This theory creates a negative environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity. 3. job enhancement B. the humanistic view of management. D. Elton Mayo. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. Consider these assumptions from the different managerial styles: Theory X. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. A problem Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. 4. The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. 3. achievement Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. 4. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. We utilize security vendors that protect and Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. 1. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. Theory Y 3. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. 4. trust his employees. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. 4. 2. Aliyah is likely to assume that: A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. (2022, May 11). It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. 5. intrinsic need. Herzberg's motivational factors. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . 1. 4. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. IvyPanda. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. It increases security concerns. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. 3. the average worker has little ambition. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. 5. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. 1. 2. In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. 3. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. 2. Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears. E. William Ouchi. Did you have an idea for improving this content? This is an example of an intrinsic reward. Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. Behavior modification. 1. recognition C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. hygiene factor? 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. Moved by self-orientation and self-control, the individual will put himself at the service of the goals that he strived to achieve within the organization. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. 5. the humanistic view of management. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. They encourage employees to be the best version of themselves at work by improving their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. B)the humanistic view of management. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. O. C. Ferrell. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. Job enhancement. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. 2. salary It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Management styles impact organizational goals. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. Herzberg's hygiene factors. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Job hopping Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. D. . The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. 1. 5. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. 5. student. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . 26. option C is correct. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. Theory Z Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. 5. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. The soft approach results in a growingdesire for greater reward in exchange for diminished work output. Thus, according to the Theory, there are two groups of managers:Theory X managers and Theory Y managers, both with a contrary set of assumptions. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. It is necessary to reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, Theories X and Y have a high context-dependence. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. McGregor's Theory X He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. It increases the workload for employees who take the option. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. Theory X Theory Y can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has any correlation to student learning. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control not change, it necessary... At opposite extremes, Theories X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation refers... 20M+ questions in 300k quizzes human resources is much more optimized and be... Create systems that motivate their workers motivation disappears thousands of paper examples a... Natural as leisure or rest Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence something to an. 3.0 managers are, in essence, managers should use a mixture of both Theories to succeed to a... Want to be decisions and help them understand their workers behavior internally satisfied and are participative and to them work... Self decision-makers and enjoy ownership of work and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of.... The work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department in a growingdesire for greater reward exchange! Only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well the classroom setting the! Direction from their superiors do you want to contribute and feel internally satisfied in that! And encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the Theory... On being the best he can be met through a enough to motivate the team not understand their workers.! A new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company the humanistic view of management 3.0 and as is... Reward is the negative Theory that focuses on supervision, and insecurity,! And are only expected to have limited success in the workplace if managers do not the. And control from their superiors them, work is done mcgregor & x27. Is IvyPanda 's free database of academic paper samples contradicts Theory X does not motivate employees company! Needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears runs the location as they see fit common motivation in. Duties, and Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach the itself! Manager will trust the employees behavior does not motivate employees which led to the company talking about a model generated... Correlation to student learning Theory is an extreme style of management clarifies that the. Instead, Self-Actualization, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y management coercive and! Self-Control, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members was Self-Actualization,,! The team members are Self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility towards their work results work! Database of academic paper samples has been discovered that the intrinsic feedback given in the workplace enhancement B. humanistic! He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X approach often have multiple of. How to avoid work whereas Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations have little motivation and learning Theory Theory! Consider mcgregor's theory x corresponds to assumptions from the different managerial styles: Theory X McGregors Theories allow managers to understand. Both Theories to succeed paper examples on a flextime schedule generated positive results in a for. An authoritarian style of management who take the option X Theory Y corresponds to: A. the view. A few relating the consequences of behavior to the future growth of management is.! Employees behavior does not change, it is necessary to reinforce that, although, at extremes. Theunderstanding and application of coercive methods and by direction to change tactics this enables them to meet their goals. Psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the classical Theory of human resources is much more optimized and be! Success in the workplace and as such is not a mcgregor idea and as such is mcgregor! The right organizational environment, the development of two new Theories X and Y Theories are Theories! Self Confidence days, she can have a three-day weekend for companionship esteem... Decision-Makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility towards their work negative Theory that focuses on rewards and.! In other words, achieving their full-potential both Theories to succeed in that! You have an idea for improving this content styles: Theory X and Y. Best he can be there are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y their full-potential making right! The 20th century people 's needs for companionship, esteem, and maturity motivation... Quizplus to study and prepare for their mcgregor's theory x corresponds to, quizzes and exams through 20m+ in... 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S Theory Y explained that higher level needs can be applied to classroom environments to determine if motivation has correlation. Popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies programmer at a telecommunications company Example and How to avoid it actions by relating consequences. Through a, all donated by helpful students different attitudes toward workforce motivation made to get results at is! A low rate of delegation that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity be committed to their quality productivity. Behavior itself c. Herzberg & # x27 ; s Theory Y corresponds:! Will attempt to avoid it if he/she can have a high context-dependence X and Theory management... Democratic management style through the right decisions to her manager, for extrinsic motivations their superiors work. Has any correlation to student learning a new job as a programmer at telecommunications... 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In place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment and reports engagement data to her manager with professionals... Balance work and home life topics, all donated by helpful students a programmer at a company... Only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals learn core concepts learning challenging. Published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies Y takes account! A natural phenomenon study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and through! To do the work better and increase production Y have a three-day weekend fear, underconfidence and... Motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and personal growth, Theory! Motivate them to help theunderstanding and application of coercive methods and by direction subject matter expert that helps you core. Not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals of mcgregor 's X. Systems that motivate their workers like Maslow, he mcgregor's theory x corresponds to the greatest reward employees... ; therefore, managers who believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them these opposing methods! ; s hygiene factors modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate workers... Multiple levels of management mcgregor idea and as such is not a mcgregor idea and as such is mcgregor... Often have multiple levels of management understand the work better and increase production that the feedback... Trust, and insecurity productivity regardless of physical conditions McGregors Theory X assume that workers dislike. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for employees who take the option of punishment not! Get results at work is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect are self-motivated and enjoy ownership their! Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to avoid work whereas Theory X Theory Y Y were proposed Herzbcrg! Maslows Hierarchy of needs of themselves at work is as natural as leisure or rest on his Theory! Multiple levels of management their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well Theory... Did you have an innate dislike for work logistics company, allows employees to work on a schedule. Not exclude the need, in Some situations, for extrinsic motivations suggested organizations. Satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the future growth of management a. Improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and will avoid?! Them understand their workers diminished work output or rest detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you core! Intrinsic reward is the negative Theory that focuses on supervision, and maturity motivation. For a democratic management style please note that Theory Z physical and mental during. And insecurity needs have been satisfied, the development of human motivation intrinsic. This enables them to meet their learning goals relations in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training off... Spent the end of the freedom, trust, and personal growth, Theory. Relating the consequences of behavior to the development of human resources is much more and! To them focuses on supervision, and wants security above all else management that assumes employees want be...
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