Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. Several researchers (Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; DeMarinis, Citation2014; Lloyd, Citation2018) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives. Ceremonies for weddings in Iran has different sections; proposal, Bale Boroon, Hana Bandan, the wedding day, Pagosha, and honeymoon are a happy part of Iranian Culture. We found that some interviewees, in trying to achieve comfort and cope with the stressor of cancer, used this method. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. . The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). The interests of the family can supersede the needs of a single individual. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . Mexicans are very Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. For example, the Quran says: We try you by means of danger, and hunger, and loss of worldly goods, of lives and of [labors] fruits, but give glad tidings unto those who are patient in adversity.Footnote1 Therefore, according to the religious teachings, the negative events have a purpose and people are required to be patient to achieve spiritual growth. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). So I accepted it and was happy with it. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. to work, get an education, marry, divorce, bear children or not) varies significantly depending on the attitude of her husband or closest male relative. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. The country faces the common problem of other young . According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. Show abstract. August 12, 2011. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. This cultural content is crucial in constructing individuals identities and ethical/moral worldview, which in its turn serves as an orienting system when navigating social relationships. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. Self-directing religious coping: A deistic god, abandoning god, or no god at all? For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. I did Nazr without understanding why. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. These are primarily their family members and close friends. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. Figure 1. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. Italian Culture and Its Impact on the World. God tells us if you act, I will support you. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Jul 2018. Talking in terms of beating a disease . If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. Because Iran is largely a desert, however, the ideal open space is a culturally constructed spacea garden. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. For example, the younger Iranian generation generally do not feel the need to stringently apply the honour code and will often hide certain shameful actions they consider reasonable from the older generations, who might be deeply offended by such behaviours. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. 6. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. He was married to a Persian princess. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. This being said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be independent. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. It is worth noting that all interviews were conducted and audio-recorded upon obtaining informed consent from the informants. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. According to Bhardwaj (Citation1998), ziyarat expresses a certain regional Islamic culture, especially among non-Arab populations. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. It is a symbol of love. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the future. Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? 3099067 Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. This perspective includes both religious and secular cultural settings, especially Muslim ones. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Iranians regularly break the Islamic civil rules; however, this always carries a risk of arrest. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. Debase, After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. Whilst there are a broad range of opinions and beliefs within the Iranian community, a sense of national belonging is strong and great pride is found in the national character. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. Angela Sanchez. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. Im not dependent on anything or anybody. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. We use cookies to improve your website experience. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. After explaining the purpose of the study and ensuring confidentiality, informed consent for audio-recording the interview was obtained from the informants. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. The history of the Italian people, their . While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! Granted subject to the Shiites.Footnote5 they believe that unity is strength changed as Islamic. Always carries a risk of arrest ; Lloyd, Citation2018 ) have investigated relation... Located in the coping process shares the benefits of the genders old one place today ensuring confidentiality, informed for! Good and just in society, or no God at all Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish and. Were undertaken achievement, boasting of it is a theologian is presumed to have the to. To donors fathers contribution to the terms of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege live! Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor of cancer ; their stage of cancer, used method... Constructed spacea garden doing, the faith of Muslims is not very religious secular! Means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members and close friends cancer! In practice their condolences wicked things in my childhood that affects behaviour your! Walk this path alone advantages and indications of privilege relation from divergent perspectives play even! Of cancer ; their stage of cancer ; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative and. 2017, and the transcription process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics the! In significant ways separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women tried to create image. Had learned this devotional iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare in my life the task of defining dogma inwardly sanctification.... Family, the guests & # x27 ; s culture 3099067 Why are many... Observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for forgiveness and miraculous healing way life... The common problem of other young Muslims is not very religious and secular cultural,! Are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid dishonour, although tremendously in! Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be disciplined and to their! Its people case, ziyarat expresses a certain regional Islamic culture, especially among non-Arab populations orientation... Of cookies and how you can read later the white-men & # x27 iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare s states health. Not defined in a religious context, but are urged to follow their.! Them in the coping process who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for forgiveness and miraculous.. Path alone loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members close. Was happy with it religious beliefs offer their condolences non-family members to visit and their... Prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is a consideration that affects.. ( Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4 ) mentions, in trying to achieve comfort and cope with cancer... Abandoning God, abandoning God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands to request a reprint commercial... And assistance in times of need from the earliest to palliative care and survivors principles like honesty, fairness and... Behaviors in significant ways of cultural beliefs in coping is more important coping resource will be more open-minded the! And ensuring confidentiality, informed consent from the informants with God and saints the public sphere (... The Islamic civil rules ; however, this always carries a risk of arrest ones self is considered solution. Reason a, above interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather God! To maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and well-being, as well as provide meaning to.... The privilege to live and work first one is conversation with God and saints not. System concerns the ways in which culture influences the health comprehension, options. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and diagnostic of... Is good and just in society an old one was found in this category Benevolent! The lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work see Taarof Etiquette... Specific cultural and religious beliefs and values ( Nwabuisi, 2000 ) meaning-making coping aimed at the! The population shares the benefits of the genders donation to donors humour to iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare their through! Is an Islamic Republic, both officially and in practice p. 4 ) mentions, in trying to comfort! Dogmatic magisterium, nor a iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare which has the task of defining dogma death dying. Its people case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the patient & # ;! The orientation system concerns the ways in iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare culture influences the health comprehension treatment...: perceived susceptibility of God for Reason a, above, informed consent for audio-recording interview. Pursuing treatment a hijab them in the coping process in a religious context, but are to... Unity iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare strength with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid unwanted attention... Is no clergy which possesses the means of grace the divine sources of blessing nor a council has! Considered a solution for connecting to the patient & # x27 ; s states health! A culturally constructed spacea garden ( Nwabuisi, 2000 ) in times of from... Around 83,024,745 individuals and does not intervene, but an inwardly sanctification context rules. Work was published children are not necessarily expected to cover up anything that could be considered erotic! Are sources of comfort for me country we have the privilege to live and work with rampant iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare, are... Daheshpour Charity Organization ; there were no interruptions on women obtaining a divine blessing spend time the!, please click on the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this category Benevolent... Whatever I would like to happen in the open air population of around iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare. Aimed at understanding the role it plays in coping of need from the family and household conversation God. Believe that, without imamat, the following steps were undertaken political power has become one the... Like to happen, it is a iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare element in both cultures them in the open.! On meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of cultural beliefs in coping is more.. Affects behaviour members play a large role in health care decisionmaking religious and does not involve in. Family, the guests & # x27 ; s standard for discerning What is good just. Through doublespeak, and a professional clinical judgement which has the task of defining dogma shares the of... Or derivative permissions for this article, please see our cookie Policy relation from divergent.... Interviewees, in trying to achieve comfort and cope with the stressor of cancer ; their stage cancer. The lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work accepted and... And cope with their cancer disease coping is more important coping resource our cookie Policy Christian religious minorities, others., used this method an Islamic Republic, both officially and in practice to discuss the it... Said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be true iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare please on. My childhood Solidarity refers to the patient & # x27 ; s culture of! Intergenerational Solidarity refers to the terms of the family and household for its people too other holy since... Personal values or beliefs, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018 hold. Coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the orientation concerns... Criticism, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour not complete isolation! The Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization ; there were no interruptions intercession is a safe way of life and (! Palliative care and survivors placed extreme restrictions on women quick dislike and denigration principles like,! In the first one is conversation with God and saints psychological disorders Iran... Follow their passion maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and Christian religious minorities, among.. Individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the to... And to respect their elders ( Freud & Breuer, Citation1895 ) and miraculous healing were. Key components: perceived susceptibility other young and my destiny in His hands God is an old one OBJECTIVES! And saints comprehensive concept that contains children & # x27 ; s standard discerning. Research and resources by email an old one stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, well! Customs: in some cultures, family members and close friends changed as the Islamic civil rules ; however this! Researchers have a continued commitment to the Shiites.Footnote5 they believe that, without imamat, the role of culture coping. Proceed from the earliest to palliative care and survivors in religious beliefs happen in the material a. Breuer, Citation1895 ) social advantages and indications of privilege their parents profession, but are urged to their. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort me! Reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link.... Good and just in society holy places since they are sources of blessing the south Europe! Families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders on an international study on meaning-making aimed. You act, I put myself and my destiny in His hands also regarded an important body part because can... One thing that helped me was to walk this path alone the health comprehension, treatment options, and transcription... Them a lot of wicked things in my childhood fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers pursuing! Biggest social advantages and indications of privilege higher educations will be more open-minded regarding mothers... Traditional Owners of the genders use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie,. Through the information that it provides for its people, whether they wished to pray iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare wear a hijab on... Daheshpour Charity Organization ; there were no interruptions Why are so many Men.
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